Group Communication free essay sample

Transgender Students and the Learning Process Essay -- Essays Papers

Transgender Students and the Learning Process Presentation Character is a key factor of a person in the general public. Personality regularly is slanted notwithstanding the expository articulation: â€Å"You are who you are.† However, commonly a general public unknowingly endeavors to form the characters of people into homogenous items. The significant thing isn't to let yourself prejudge people or demonstrations of individuals since this makes a presumption that brings a shame against the person. Transgender individuals face the troublesome test of being acknowledged into society since they either don't fit a conventional sex task to their sex, or they are not ready to determine a specific sex perceived by society. The legal dispute that I will use to investigate transgender personality is Doe v. Yunits. The instance of Pat Doe v. John Yunits includes a youthful, transgender understudy trained by school specialists. The school regards to be an expert on a person’s dress clothing while at the same time going to class. The court experiences a progression of reasonings testing the opportunity of articulation, freedom in appearance, and the utilization of sex-class separation. While the decision of the case brings familiarity with the presence of transgendered individuals, it is criticized by a predominant culture whose premise of the legitimate framework secures restricted sexual orientation characters as opposed to the insurance of opportunity of picking different personalities. Also, the court considered that Pat Doe has an ailment that expects her to wear women’s pieces of clothing. The ailment called Gender Identity Disorder says a lot about how society treats unrecognized contrasts with regards to diagnosing a sexual orientation articulation. The data of the legal dispute permits you to get em... ...aggy pants and a white-blender is day he neglects to maintain her actual sexual orientation personality. Judith Butler in Stein’s article best depicts this as â€Å"[D]rawing upon the eccentric acts of drag, cross-dressing, and butch-femme, she [Butler] builds up an origination of sexual orientation as execution, and of sex spoofs as incendiary acts†(Stein 181). My inquiry that comes out of eccentric investigation and the Doe v. Yunits, Why do individuals need to play out a sexual orientation act? Is it to declare a sort of sexuality, sexual direction, as well as rather generalized one? Is a transgender individual better to play out a sex demonstration that is comprehended? On the off chance that the transgender individual plays out a demonstration in spite of sexual orientation they pick, is the individual a poser? Is my sex controlling me or I am assuming responsibility for my sexual orientation? I trust have endeavored to shake your contemplations and recognitions , and maybe even fuck with your sex.

Major Marketing Concepts You Need to Know

Major Marketing Concepts You Need to Know © Shutterstock | wowomnomINTRODUCTION ON MARKETING CONCEPTThe marketing concept is the belief that companies must assess the needs of their consumers first and foremost. Based on those needs, companies can make decisions in order to satisfy their consumers’ needs, better than their competition. Companies that hold this philosophy believe that their consumers are the driving forces of their business. Nowadays, most companies have incorporated the marketing concept. So if you were a new company, how would you know what a customer would need and want?First of all, let us define needs and wants. Needs are basic requirements for an individual to survive. Some examples are water, food, shelter, etc. Obviously, the needs of consumers are wide-ranging. Wants are the desire for something that an individual cannot live without. Some examples are a bigger home, a brand new car, an iPad, and the like. Even though consumers’ needs are broad, wants can be very particular.Consumers decide to b uy based on both their needs and wants. Case in point, if they were hungry, they would need food. If you base it simply on that, then any kind of food will do. Yet, the consumer would have particular food in mind. Even though they can get a burger from Burger King, what they might truly want is a half-pound grilled burger from a bar in their local neighborhood. It is at this point that marketers would come in. Marketers acknowledge the needs of consumers and use the consumers’ desire for what they want to steer them towards specific products and services.The marketing concept underscores:identifying the market or targeting consumers;understanding the needs and wants of the consumers in the target market;creating products or services based on the consumers’ needs and wants;satisfying the needs of consumers better than competitors; andaccomplishing all of these while earning a profit.The Difference between Marketing and Marketing Concepts.Sometimes people blur the lines between ma rketing and marketing concepts. Marketing is promoting the products and services of a company for a particular target market. As a whole, marketing brings attention the offerings of a company. These may be goods for sale or services on offer. Typical examples of marketing on the ground are billboards on the road, television commercials, and magazine advertisements.However, not all companies have the same approach towards marketing their goods and services. Actually, there are a couple of strategies on making marketing successful for any company. The approaches talked about are these marketing concepts. These approaches of a company peg what kind of marketing tools they can and will use in a business.Marketing concepts are formed through a clear objective that incorporates cost efficiency, effectiveness, and social responsibilities in a target market.The Difference between Marketing Concept versus Market Concept.As previously described, the marketing concept is a business philosophy that keeps in mind that long run profitability is best accomplished through concentrating company activities towards satisfying the needs of a specific target market.The market concept, on the other hand, creates suitable market intelligence as connected to present and future consumer needs, as well as the relative capabilities of the competition to satisfy those needs. This concept is the incorporation and distribution of market intelligence throughout departments and coordinated creation and implementation of a company’s response to opportunities in the market.This article will highlight the types of marketing concepts, specifically the production concept, the product concept, the selling concept, the marketing concept, and the societal marketing concept. The discussion will show how concepts of marketing have evolved, leading to the marketing concept that is mostly used by all companies to date at least those companies that want to survive and thrive in their industries.A very basic, but good introduction to marketing management by Prof. Dr. Kirchgeorg. THE EVOLUTION TOWARDS THE MARKETING CONCEPTThere are five distinctive marketing concept types or approaches to achieving effective marketing. Notably, not all these marketing concept types work for all industries, because they differ in function. Every marketing concept was created depending on the need of the market. As markets changed, so did the concepts.The Production ConceptCompanies that use the production concept have the belief that customers primarily want products that are affordable and accessible. The production concept is based on the approach that a company can increase supply as it decreases its costs. Moreover, the production concept highlights that a business can lower costs via mass production. A company oriented towards production believes in economies of scale (decreased production cost per unit), wherein mass production can decrease cost and maximize profits. As a whole, the productio n concept is oriented towards operations.A working example of the production concept is a company that produces their goods overseas. Producing retail goods abroad lowers costs and the resulting savings can be passed on to the consumer. These lower prices could be a good incentive to attract new consumers.However, the company may experience a decline in quality and gradually a decline in sales, if the process is not kept to a standard. Businesses oriented towards production are required to avoid production efficiency procedures that affect their product’s quality and design. By compromising product quality and design simply for production would probably lower the desirability of a product for customers.The production concept actually came about in the early 1920s during the industrial revolution. During that time, the production concept was very popular because the goods produced back then were mainly basic necessities. Moreover, there was quite a high level of demand that was unf ulfilled. Almost everything that was manufactured then were easily sold based on production costs. There were just two main concerns for a company before they produced a product back thenwhether they could produce the product and if they could produce enough of it.The use of the production concept is only effective when demand is greater than supply. The biggest disadvantage of this concept is that it is not always the case that your customer chooses to buy the most affordable and easily accessible product.The Product ConceptCompanies that focus on the product concept believe that the most significant priorities for a customer are quality and functional characteristics of a product. What this indicates is that a customer looks for innovative alternatives and always searches for the best of what is currently available in the market. In addition, within this concept, it is assumed that consumers stay loyal if they receive more product options and benefits.Companies who keep this philo sophy intact direct their marketing efforts in raising their product quality. With this in mind, it is not surprising that many companies in technology use the product concept. These companies always update and release their new products. It is then important for these technology companies to create strong decisions on how often they should release their new products.By releasing too often, consumers can feel frustration due to minimal changes. Not releasing often enough would make consumers feel that the business is out of step. Companies that believe in the product concept always have to review consumer needs and execute those changes as efficiently and as quickly as possible.The disadvantage of the product concept is that companies must recognize that superior quality of a product does not make it sell automatically. Superior products will sell only if they satisfy a consumer’s needs and wants. Moreover, consumers are not attracted to goods simply because of its quality. They a lso factor in other variables, such as a product’s price, availability, and the like. A quality product yet with a high price can dent the budget of a consumer.The Selling ConceptThe selling concept involves companies that are sales oriented. What this means is that they can make a product and then sell it to their target market without consideration of their consumers needs or wants. The selling concept highlights that customers would buy a company’s products only if the company were to sell these products aggressively.This concept became very popular in the early 1930s. At this stage in time, mass production had become the norm, there was more competition, and most of customer demand had already been met. So, companies started to practice the selling concept. Companies would produce the product, but at the same time attempt to convince consumers to buy them through personal selling and advertising. The key considerations companies had for using the selling concept was whether they could sell the product and if they could charge sufficiently for it.The selling concept pays little attention to whether or not a product was truly needed by consumers. The objective was to beat the competition merely in sales, with few regarding the satisfaction of a consumer. Nowadays, this is called “hard selling,” wherein goods are not bought they are sold. This concept is based on the belief that consumers may be attracted; hence, companies can focus their efforts in attracting and educating consumers.Although it may be effective for some time that repeated efforts can sell anything this cannot be sustained for a long period of time. If a company is able to entice a consumer once, he or she cannot be won each and every time. Actually, this may even damage the reputation of a business. Thus, this concept offers only short-term gains but not long-term benefits.The Marketing ConceptA company that believes in the marketing concept places the consumer at the center of th e organization. All activities are geared towards the consumer. A business, oriented towards the market, aims to understand the needs and wants of a customer and executes the marketing strategy according to market research beginning from product conception to sales. As sales begin, further research can be implemented to figure out what customers think about a product and whether improvements are needed. While markets change continuously, product development and market research is always ongoing for a company that concentrates on the market.Learn how to create a customer centric business in the following video from Harvard Business Review. By focusing on the needs and wants of a target market, a company can deliver value, more than its competitors. The marketing concept highlights the pull strategy, wherein a brand is so strong that customers would always prefer your brand to others’. The main concerns of a company that was focused on the marketing concept were the wants of consume rs, if they could develop the product while the consumers still wanted it, and how they could keep customer satisfaction.The marketing concept came about after the Second World War. There were more product variety and the selling concept could not be depended upon to generate sales. With raised discretionary income, consumers were also able to be selective. They could buy products that met their needs precisely but those needs were not patently obvious.As companies started to use the marketing concept actively, they usually put up individual marketing departments in their organizations. Their goals were to satisfy the needs of their customers. Oftentimes, the departments were sales departments with extended responsibilities. Although these extended sales departments are still found in the companies of today, many companies have structured themselves to marketing organizations with more wide-ranging focus on the company.Because the whole organization is in existence because it aims t o satisfy the needs of a consumer, no one can neglect a consumer problem by just tagging it as a marketing challenge. The whole company must be concerned with consumer satisfaction.Companies who believe in the marketing concept opine that they can be successful only through the satisfaction of their customers. This thinking is based on the belief that goods and services are only made available only if consumers need or want them. A small problem with the marketing concept is that there is no focus given towards societal welfare.The Societal Marketing ConceptThe societal marketing concept is a relatively new marketing concept. While the societal marketing concept highlights the needs and wants of a target market and the delivery of better value than its competitors, it also underscores the importance of the well-being of customers and society as a whole (consumer welfare or societal welfare).The societal marketing concept goes one step further than the marketing concept. Case in poin t, if a company creates a car that uses less fuel but has more pollution, this would merely increase customer satisfaction, but not societal welfare. Companies who believe in the societal marketing philosophy direct their marketing towards giving customer satisfaction and social welfare.With this last concept of marketing, companies receive long-term profit, not only from the viewpoint of the consumer, but also of society.

Inevitable or Avoidable The American Civil War - 1877 Words

The biggest war that ever happened was the Civil War. This was the most deadliest, and hurtful wars between the North and the South. This war lasted for four years straight from 1861 to 1865. So many events led up to this war which made it so brutal. I believe that the events that took place to start the civil war could have been easily avoided by just a little communication that they did not use around that time. I do not believe everything that happened in those four years should have happened the way that it did. The first main reason the war started was because the south believed in owning slaves and the north did not. The south wanted to have every nation to join the cause of owning African American slaves but President†¦show more content†¦Both sides were very different especially when it came to the cotton gin. The cotton gin was created in the late 1700’s, which provided cotton. Both sides were making money off the cotton gin from the popular cotton gin create d by Eli Whitney. This creation was very popular because it would save the people on the plantations time to sort the seeds out of the cotton. The south still needed help with workers because the more plantations willing to work means you need more workers. The difference between both sides started economic issues. I know this because on Americanhistory.about.com, it stated, â€Å"In fact, the northern industries were purchasing the raw cotton and turning it into finished goods.† The north was totally different from the south which was not a bad thing. Obviously the big reason for the south having slaves, is because they needed cheap labors. Maybe the north could have helped them by giving them bigger machines they had in the cities. This could have maybe not led to war, and the slaves could have been easily freed. The growth of the Abolition movement soon got larger. The south soon started to feel threatened, because they felt like the North and everyone else really was goin g against them. People soon started to grow sympathy for the slaves, and soon people wanted to tell their stories. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was the first novel to reveal stories about what took place in the south. The author of â€Å"UncleShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Was the Cold War Inevitable? Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesExtent Was the Cold War Inevitable? With the end of World War II (WWII) in 1945 began the Cold War, an international conflict that lasted from 1947–1991 and plagued nations across the globe. As the post-war negotiations were deliberated by three of the strongest world powers, the United States (US), Britain, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), disagreements arose that created tension between the US and the USSR and ultimately instigated the infamous â€Å"Fifty Years War† (Crockatt 64).Read MoreThe Cold War During World War II1324 Words   |  6 PagesWhen World War II ended, the last thing the countries imagined was another worldwide conflict. But that’s exactly was soon ensued when the Cold War erupted between the Eastern powers and the Western powers. The Eastern powers consisted of the Soviet Union and the Western powers consisted of America, Britain and France. During World War II, these allies had a common ground to work together in effort to fight against Hitler and the Naz i Party. The Cold War wasn’t an actual war where battles were fought;Read MoreDebate on Civil War1069 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Historians’ Debate on the Civil War The American Civil War has without a doubt left a permanent divide on this great nation’s past and present. American historians still debate the causes of a war that began in 1861 between the Union states and Confederacy states. The war can be seen as caused by the principle of slavery, the growing tension between northern and southern ideology or due to a crack in the political system of the time. United States’ history classes focus on teaching studentsRead MoreWas the American Civil War Inevitable?2559 Words   |  11 PagesWas the American civil war inevitable? The civil war was inevitable, only however, after one key event; the cotton gin made the civil war inevitable. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 was the key element which enabled the south to have sufficient vested interest in their traditional lifestyle in order to feel the need to defend it at all costs even from their Northern countrymen. The core argument of this essay centres around the evidence which clearly defines their being in existence twoRead MoreEssay about The American Civil War was Avoidable1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Civil War was Avoidable   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The explosion of the American Civil War was caused by a vast number of conflicting principles and prejudices, fueled by sectional differences, and set afire by a very unfortunate set of political events. Undoubtedly, the central theme of almost all of the events that led up to the Civil War was one way or another, related to the dispute of slavery. Throughout the nineteenth century, slavery-related tensions brewed to such an extent, that politicians oftenRead MoreEssay on Is Stereotyping Inevitable?1740 Words   |  7 Pagesassign objects and individuals into categories to organize the environment. Individuals do this for not only organization, but also survival. Is stereotyping inevitable? That is the question; according to Devine (2007), it is, but Lepore and Brown (2007) have to disagree. Devine believes that â€Å"stereotyping is automatic, which makes it inevitable.† On the other hand, Lepore and Brown are not convinced that stereotyping is autom atic, and have claimed, after observation, that it depends on the individualRead MoreEssay on Civil War: Inevitable or Avoidable1847 Words   |  8 PagesAfter thoroughly assessing past readings and additional research on the Civil War between the North and South, it was quite apparent that the war was inevitable. Opposed views on this would have probably argued that slavery was the only reason for the Civil War. Therefore suggesting it could have been avoided if a resolution was reached on the issue of slavery. Although there is accuracy in stating slavery led to the war, it wasn’t the only factor. Along with slavery, political issues with territorialRead MoreReform Movements in Second Great Awakening Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagespreachers. One of the most famous itinerant preachers was Charles Grandion Finney. He is the father of Modern revivalism. Born in Oneida, Connecticut in 1792, he had a conversion experience in 1821. In Finney theology, sin was a voluntary act an d hence avoidable. â€Å"When the churches are†¦awakened and reformed, the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow, going through the same stages of conviction, repentance, and reformation. Their hearts will be broken down and changed.† (Document B) his teachingRead MoreThe Book Thief Opens The Story With The Idea Of Death2027 Words   |  9 Pagesway the reader can see the beauty and ugliness in people. The time period Book Thief was written in was between 1938 and 1943, a major national disaster had occurred in Germany. World War two had been the main focus of the German citizens but in specific the Nazi party and the rat like jews they all hated. World War two, which exterminated many innocent Jewish people, did leave various survivors. Essentially those survivors united and told their stories and through their survival they haunt deathRead MoreThe War Over Sectional Conflicts2166 Words   |  9 PagesBy the year 1860, the bloodshed that would develop into the Civil War had become inevitable. After being delayed through compromise multiple times, the election of Lincoln as the 16th president proved to be the final straw in the war over sectional conflicts. Since the invention of the cotton gin in the late 18th century by Eli Whitney, The North and South began courses with two opposite trajectories, both economically and socially. Countless events from 1800 to 1860 drove the regions further apart

The Power Struggles in Jury of Her Peers and Mama Come...

The Power Struggles in Jury of Her Peers and Mama Come Home The issue of dominance and subordinance is addressed in the short stories â€Å"A Jury of her Peers† by Susan Glaspell and â€Å"Mama Come Home† by James Tiptree, Jr. In the stories the subordinates are harmed by the dominants, but the subordinates overcome the suppression to triumph in the end. The groups with the power control the laws and the positions of the weaker group. To begin with, â€Å"A Jury of her Peers† is about the way women in 1917 were treated by men. The main women characters are Minnie Wright, Mrs. Peters, and Mrs. Hale. The women in the story are confined to their homes; rarely getting to go to town or visit with their friends. The women did not have many†¦show more content†¦The men also think all the housework the women do and the things they worry about are trifles. The women receive no credit for their work. â€Å"Dirty towels! Not much of a housekeeper, would you say, ladies?† (Glaspell 264) The women become depressed and lonely. The subordinates are harmed both physically and emotionally in the story â€Å"Mama Come Home.† The giant women overpower the smaller men. They beat the men and rape them. The giant women use the men as sex slaves. They see the men as inferior and only good for sex. The men are physically harmed because they are bruised and beaten by the Capellans. â€Å"The standing one had my neck in a vise at arm’s length, and when I worked the standard finger-bend she laughed like a deep bell and casually twisted up my arm until things broke.† (Tiptree 69) They are emotionally damaged because they are taken advantage of. Anyone that is raped becomes torn up inside. In the story â€Å"Jury of her Peers,† the women are thought of as inferior. The men treat the women like they are not able to do the same things as the men. â€Å"But would the women know a clue if they did come upon it?† (Glaspell 266) The women have â€Å"feminine intuition.† They know the pain from isolation that Minnie was going through and know what clues to look for. â€Å"Again, for one brief moment, the two women’s eyes found one another.† (Glaspell 280) The men underestimate that the women can think on this level. The dominants in the story â€Å"Mama Comes

Discrimination in US Judicial system Free Essays

America judicial system has been accused of discrimination especially when it comes to mandatory sentences. There has been a serious disparity as far as sentences are concerned with some groups seemingly being favored by the law while others have been treated harshly. This state of affair is sad for this country as it seems to divide the country in classes especially on racial basis. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination in US Judicial system or any similar topic only for you Order Now The minority groups, the African American, Latinos and women have been seriously affected making human rights groups to agitate for the change of laws to apply equally among all the groups. These inequalities in the application of the laws seem to be retrogressive as far as our endeavor to make America an all equal country is concerned. The judicial system seems to be applying the law unfairly making some feel less American than others. This does not auger well for the national cohesion as the disadvantaged group may feel that this is an attempt to sideline them on various lines and they may opt to solve the problem in whatever means available to them including violence therefore affecting the America stability. These disparities not only affect the guilty but also the innocent who are harshly sentenced for the crimes they did not commit. (Kinzie, M 2002) This may be detrimental for the fight against crime. If we continue punishing so harshly and furthermore seem to discriminate, the crime rates will only rise as people especially those who are directly or indirectly affected by this discrimination in justice register their dissatisfaction on the unfair treatment opting to use violence. To fully address the disparities in sentencing in our judicial system, causes of this unfair treatment by our system need to be addressed carefully. Police Department which is charged with the role of apprehending the law offenders has been identified as on of the areas where the discrimination is so rampant. Many Americans have reported being searched or even arrested for the crimes the have not committed only because they had a different color or spoke with a different accent from that of the arresting officer. I t is the police who arrest and align the suspected law breakers to the court. I f they are biased in terms of race or other aspects the suspects may not feel that they will receive a fair treatment. The treatment may further be extended to the sentencing itself, therefore making the victims lose confidence on our judicial system. (Jeremy, K. 2004) Human rights groups have reported that there have been more arrests as far as minority groups are concerned. This has created a perception that the minorities commit crime than their white counterparts, this perception has even been extended to our judicial system with our judges being biased when a case involving a person from a minority, instead of looking critically at the facts laid down the issue of race clouds the system making him or her rule a harsh treatment. We may not entirely blame the police and the judges alone for the unfair treatment of the subject but our law system have failed to address the issues at hand. The laws seem to be biased from the word go and this perhaps is where the problem lies. Judges base their sentences on the law; the law prescribes a certain punishment on a particular crime committed. There are some of the laws that seem to be lenient on some offenders. Althugh this may not be directly proved there exists some disparities as far as sentences prescribed are concerned. Looking at the punishment through a social perspective one may not fail to notice that there is some form of discrimination of certain groups. A good case at hand is the issue of drugs, cocaine is one of the drugs that is abused by Americans of all walks of lives be they poor, rich, black, white and Latinos. Surprisingly the sentences prescribed differ when it comes to the type of cocaine in question. There are two types of coaine; the powdered form and the crack which is cooked in baking soda. Crack is mainly used by the black and the Latinos populations while the powdered cocaine is mainly consumed by the rich whites. When the congress was passing this law on drug abuse there was a wrong indication that crack was more addictive than the powdered form and it resulted to more violent among its users therefore heavy punishment for its users as opposed to powder users who got lesser sentences. This law based on this argument, though good to deter the drug users have not addressed the issue at hand as it has been accused of discriminating on the lines of race and social classes. (Wolf, D 2006) American society can also be largely blame for the state of affairs that prevail in our judicial system. The laws are made by our representatives whom we elect, therefore the law makers represents our views and if we do not agree with them there are channels of addressing the issue. Our society is molded in such a way that segregation in terms of race class and other aspects is embraced therefore our judicial system just reflect who we are as a society. This does not mean that the status quo must prevail,we should embrace a situation where all are treated equally regardless of the race, creed or even the social class one occupies. This calls for the sensitizing of the masses on the need to look at each other as either brother or sister. This will go along way in creating equality in the society which will eventually been reflected in our laws hence implementation by our judiciary system. ( Hurst, C. 2001) Judicial department has a great role as long as equality in law is concerned, this department is mandated to interpret the law made by our legislators and if they seem to contravene the supreme constitution of our land the department has a responsibility of quashing these laws and advise the lawmakers on the shortcomings of these legislations. The laws which are discriminative in nature not only cause a great division in this nation but also cause great suffering to the victims as they are subjected to harsh treatment sometimes for the crimes they may have not committed but due to their inability to hire competent lawyers they fail to defend themselves therefore being punished. The judicial department should ensure that the judges who handle cases where discrimination may be cited are competent individual and have no history of racial prejudice. The department needs to empower the judges with skills that will ensure they handle such type of cases with seriousness they deserve as it is only through this way that our judicial system will be seen to serve all equally regardless of their race, creed or even the social status they hold in the society. Selection of juries is another area that needs to handled with a lot of caution some of them may be compromised to vote on a certain way which promotes the already existing disparity . The judiciary should make sure that men and women who are selected in the jury are people of high integrity, those who are not biased and show high respect for the all people regardless of diversity. Judges need to set precedent on application of the law equally, precedence that should be authoritative such that the whole system will adopt to ensure all who are brought before them are treated with fairness as required by the natural justice and our constitution as well. The judicial department needs to ensure that systems are in place for those who feel they have been discriminated to register their complaints and the necessary remedies taken. The appellate court should be fully empowered to address this issue comprehensively and in a manner that all will be satisfied and justice will have prevailed in such systems. (Murray, F 2003) With the responsibility of interpreting the laws being vested on this department by our constitution. The judicial system should uphold this responsibility and advise the congress to look at all those laws which seem to apply selectively. These laws need to be changed without deviating from their initial course of making them, which was to fight crime. They should be applied equally to all. We should not have some groups being treated leniently yet the magnitude of the crime is the same. The judiciary system can save this nation from the agony of going through another era of discrimination in our society. If it upholds the responsibility bestowed by the citizens of America through the constitution it can cement the gains we have so far made as far as eliminating segregations in our community is concerned. Criminals need to be treated equally and fairly, no one should receive punishment which is not equivalent to the crime committed neither should be there lesser punishment for a crime committed. It is only fair application of justice that this department will be viewed in the lenses of equalizing all the America as far as law is concerned. The department cannot accept failing as this will be doom for America as a nation. References Kinzie, M (2002) Product liability and litigation. Clifton Park, Newyork. Jeremy, K. (2004) Discrimination in our laws. American perspective. Straus and Graux.Newyork Wolf, D (2006) Law and the racial politics. Harper Collins, Newyork. Hurst, C. (2001) Crime and the law: social perspective.W.W.Norta, Newyork. Murray, F (2003) American judicial system. Sierra club books, Sanfrancisco How to cite Discrimination in US Judicial system, Papers

Racial Profiling an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Racial Profiling Race profiling is defined as the inclusion of race in the profile of a person deemed likely to perpetrate a particular crime or type of crime. It is exemplified as any police or private security procedure into which an individual is regarded as a suspect because of his or her race, ethnicity, nationality or creed. The inclusion of race as one of the numerous factors in suspect profiling is by and large backed by the law enforcement community within the Western world. Race riots have also been cited as a symptom of racial profiling. It is argued that profiling built on "any" trait is a time-tested and universal police tool, and that ruling out race as a factor is tantamount to being unwise. Need essay sample on "Racial Profiling" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Towards the last part of the 20th century in the United States though, the procedure became unpopular with the general public as exploitations by law enforcement were discovered. This occurs as police investigate, stop, frisk, search or apply force against a person based on such characteristics instead of proof of a person's illegal activities. It frequently entails the stopping and searching of people of color for traffic violations, recognized as "DWB" or "driving while black or brown." Though typically related with African Americans and Latinos, racial profiling and "DWB" have also turned out to be shorthand expressions for police stops of Asians, Native Americans, and, increasingly after 9/11, Arabs, Muslims and South Asians ( Pampel, 2004). Racial profiling may mean pedestrian stops, "gang" databases, bicycle stops, making use of police attack dogs, suspicion at stores and malls, immigration worksite incursions, and in addition to the 2000 presidential election in Florida, harassment on the way to polls, or "voting while black or brown". Even Customs and some other airport personnel also employ racial profiling of commuters (Defosse, 2002). Some say that racial profiling is completely groundless, such as profiling an African American person because of their race. So the question at the outset will be Is racial profiling real? Nearly all Americans believe so. In a July 2001 Gallup poll, it gives an account that 55 percent of whites and 83 percent of blacks think racial profiling is pervasive. Moreover, the reports of thousands of racial and ethnic group members across the state add credibility to the assessment that racial profiling is well-founded. These are accounts from all walks of life, not just reliable, industrious everyday people, but movie and TV personalities, professional athletes, and members of the military. What's more, reports of racial profiling come from esteemed members of communities of color such as law enforcement commanders, prosecutors, judges, state legislators, legal representatives, dentists and even representatives in Congress, who have been victims (Weitzer & Tuch, 2006). Some quarters argue that racial profiling is actually just a new term for an old practice known by other names: institutional racism and discrimination and owes its being to prejudice that has remained in this country since slavery. Critics maintain that race must in no way be considered for any basis in a police encounter; it should not at all be considered the major or motivating cause for suspicion. It is because its used to describe a specific suspect in a specific crime and only when used in a manner like other physical descriptions (e.g., hair color, weight, distinguishing marks). Moreover even if race could be advantageous, use of race possibly will lead to many more inaccuracies where the real wrongdoer happened not to fit the race predicted by the pattern and law enforcement fails to capture the suspect. It is occasionally essential to regard racial factors in a way that may not be directly obvious from the above when dealing with hate crimes and the like, though it is very unusual to think of conditions where racial profiling would assist police decision-making in this situation. This is often referred to as the "be on the lookout" (BOLO) exception. A number of groups contend that if a disproportional number of members of a race are, for example, stopped, searched, or arrested, compared to the general population or to other races, it is due to discrimination or inequity. And there are those that say that in the United States, the government does not have the right to perform racial profiling. The Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution secures the right to be protected from unwarranted search and seizure without apparent cause. In view of the fact that the considerable mass of people of all races are law-abiding citizens, simply being of a race which a police officer deems to be more likely to carry out a crime than another is not probable cause. In addition, the Fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution compels that all US citizens be dealt with equally under the law. It is unconstitutional for a representative of the government to make judgments on the basis of race. This observation has been supported by the US Supreme Court in Batson v. Kentucky and numerous other cases (Pampel, 2004). Some groups also argue that police who concentrate their limited attention on one racial group allow criminals from other racial groups to go free. After the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing, authorities exhausted a disproportionate amount of time and resources on two men of Middle Eastern ancestry. It turned out that this terrorist attack was carried out by a white male; if the terrorist had intended more than one act of violence, the waste of restricted resources probing men of Middle Eastern descent may possibly have cost lives. In commuter places like airports, racial profiling is every so often used to single out who to investigate more vigilantly and lengthily than everyone else. If a person's physical features look like someone of Middle Eastern origin, then they're normally expected to be stopped and searched methodically than someone who has the physical features of a European individual. It has also been indicated that a lot of Arabs and South Asians bear a resemblance to South ( and occasionally even North) Europeans (Defosse, 2002). According to some advocates (Weitzer and Tuch 2006)., only the non-racial factors are warranted in suspect profiling; police should pay no attention to any ethnic or racial information they have on people caught up in the illegal trade. During a 2002 poll, for instance, 73 percent of whites, 77 percent of Hispanics, and 91 percent of African Americans condemned of racial profiling by the police. Organizations such as NAAP and the ACLU are staunchly opposed to "racial profiling". A large amount of crimes is perpetrated by whites, they say, and profiling based absolutely on race singles out minorities such as African-Americans and individuals of Hispanic descent. They also debate the claim that more crime is carried out by minorities, because, they say, it has been statistically verified not to be the case. However, in a "consent decree," the State Police approved to implement a new policy that no person may be apprehended and held based on race, except said character corresponds with the sketch of a specific suspect. References Defosse, Jonathan R., "Asian Americans, radical profiling, and national security", in: George Washington Law Review, 70 (2002), no. 1, pp. 181-211. Pampel, Fred C., Racial profiling, New York: Facts on File, c2004. 284 p.; 24 cm. Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_profiling" Ronald Weitzer and Steven Tuch. 2006. Race and Policing in America: Conflict and Reform (New York: Cambridge University Press).

Changes in Terms of High Technology essays

Changes in Terms of High Technology essays America has experienced many changes in terms of high technology of communication since last century. One of these devices and the most common to my consideration is the Television. The TV has made possible the transmission of important news and events worldwide. It also has educated and entertained with its variety production. However, lately, most of these tv-programs have lost the meaning of ethic communication and lacked of professional direction and instruction in their content. In that sense they provide a poor level of principle with their indignant images and deplorable dialogs. To begin with, the Top Shows demonstrate American lifestyle with a sense of immorality. First, These shows give an impression that Americans are unrespectfull with God, their family and friends. Second, even though many of this shows talk about private and personal staffs, the participants explain freely and proudly about their life and the vulgar and indignant thought about life. Third, it also shows rude manners, attitude and language between participants and public on TV. In addition, in terms of TV-kids programs, some of these creators do not have any sense of what kids should have being watching. First, TV-kids provide violence and rude behavior among students, family, professors and others. Second, watching these TV- shows kids become means and aggressive . Third, instead kids are watching TV. they should be reading and getting some knowledge and in that sense have enough information to make right decisions in life. Finally, I consider a completely negative for tv-novellas. First, the production of these novellas and their scripts, as we know, are false. Some people, most of them adolescents who are attached to this production day by day think that real life might be similar. As a matter of fact, when they are playing and acting their own life, they sometimes expect for those fancy and perfect moments to happen as on TV. Of cour...

Study Guide and Quiz on Organ Systems

Study Guide and Quiz on Organ Systems The human body is made up of several organ systems that work as one unit. The major organ systems of the body work together, either directly or indirectly, to keep the body functioning normally. Organ Systems Some of the major organ systems of the body include: Circulatory System: The circulatory system circulates blood by pulmonary and systemic circuits. These pathways transport blood between the heart and the rest of the body. Digestive System: The digestive system processes the foods we eat in order to supply nutrients to the body. These nutrients are transported throughout the body by the circulatory system. Endocrine System: The endocrine system secretes hormones to regulate organ function and body processes, such as growth and maintaining homeostasis. Integumentary System: The integumentary system covers the exterior of the body, protecting internal structures from damage, germs, and dehydration. Nervous System: The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. This system monitors and controls all body systems and responds to external influences on the body. Reproductive System: The reproductive system ensures the survival of a species through the production of offspring by sexual reproduction. Male and female reproductive organs are also endocrine organs that secrete hormones to regulate sexual development. Quiz Do you know which organ system contains the largest organ in the body? Test your knowledge with the interactive organ systems quiz.

Islamic View of Medical Treatment Research Paper

Islamic View of Medical Treatment - Research Paper Example However, a new branch of thinkers interpret the possibilities in the principle and suggest that a temporary abstinence of child bearing chosen with mutual consent is acceptable by way of physical contraception methods which do not affect the structure and function of the body. Ap0artr from the application of medical resources for birth control, there is an equal challenge on the issues related to fertility treatments. Most of the women consider discussing problems related to conceiving a child and giving birth as taboo and ignore the chances of consulting a doctor for treatment of their failure. While on the other hand, pregnancy is the gift of God as per the belief of this religion and it must be treated as virtue of a woman to give effect to the sperm of the male. The Qur’an teaches us to respect the ability of women to bear a child as it says â€Å"If they have a burden (pregnant) then spend on them until they bring forth their burden† (Ch: 65:6, cited in Angelfire.c om, n.d) . Religious views are against the artificial methods of fertilizing as it strongly condemns the factor of the woman’s exposure of her private parts to a person other than her husband. However, the modern society is willing to allow medical treatment for infertility subject to conditions applied as per the guidelines of the derived principles. Euthanasia and Organ Donation As Islam has its own guidelines about handling birth and fertility related affairs, so it has a claim on the debate of euthanasia or the right of a person to choose death with assistance of a physician. On the basis of Islamic views, withdrawal of life supporting apparatuses for granting relief to an individual is not acceptable. Though there were primitive... This essay studies and evaluates some of the religious implications of medical treatment methods practiced by the scientifically inspired new society. As per the religious concept, marriage is meant for the basic purpose of having children as a contribution to the growth of the community. Any attempt to deliberate termination of pregnancy or the practices for attaining sterility endorses the principles of this religion. The fetus has an independent right to live within the mother’s body; therefore an attempt to abort it is an assault as well as a murder. Surgical methods of sterilization such as vasectomy and hysterectomy are not permissible in the religious point of view. As Islam has its own guidelines about handling birth and fertility related affairs, so it has a claim on the debate of euthanasia or the right of a person to choose death with assistance of a physician. On the basis of Islamic views, withdrawal of life supporting apparatuses for granting relief to an individ ual is not acceptable. In conclusion, Islam is a religion with absolute concern for integrity and the value of life. It believes in the principle of power of all knowledge meant for the well being of believers under the guidelines of the Prophet. Therefore the topics discussed in the essay are subject to scientific consultation in the present day community while considering the essential factor that the religion never allowed them for convenience but it approves them for the concept that necessity can sometimes over rule prohibitions.

Evidence-based policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence-based policing - Essay Example Secondly, this type of policing, can be used to reduce violence against victims. Research can be carried out by experts in that field, and come up with guidelines that can help reduce violence on victims (Nutley, 2000). This policing however, has a disadvantage, in that the evaluation is not always effective. Some officers in certain departments may be too reluctant to allow these guidelines to bring changes in their way operation. This might be as a result of the amount of the power vested on them in their offices. Initially, In Kenya, the traffic police department was the most disorganized police unit. However, numerous researches were done and the guidelines utilized. Today, it is one of the most effective departments in the police unit. In addition, the Kenyan navy has gone through numerous changes with the help of evidence based policing. It has incorporated new guidelines in its working system, and this has made cases of pirate activities in the Indian Ocean to decline significantly. In conclusion, evidence based policing has unquestionably benefitted the entire police department in one way or another (Pawson,

Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn †Controversial :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn – Controversial It seems like a never-ending question. When will we ever let it rest? You know the question I'm talking about; should the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be banned from American Literature courses? It's been argued from so many different standpoints, but it has never been settled. Is Huckleberry Finn really a controversial book? No, I do not agree with the banning of Huckleberry Finn. This book is considered to be a classic. It explores the depths of our past in many different ways. Those who think the book to be controversial probably have never ever read it before. Most likely, they're basing their judgments on the excessively used word, "nigger." For those who have read the book and still feel necessary to ban it are obviously missing the key points of this American classic. If you understand Huckleberry Finn, then you'll realize it's not about slavery or racism. It's about being unprejudiced. In the book, Huck admits that Jim "had an uncommon level head for a nigger." If you were to take out the black and white scenario, you would see that this quote is clearly nothing but acceptance. Huck is accepting Jim, regardless of his ethnic background. If you looked deeper, you would also see, the book is about nothing less than freedom and the quest for freedom. It's about a slave who breaks the law and risks his life to win his freedom and be reunited with his family. He was lucky enough to have a friend who made him his best friend and helped him to escape. Truly this isn't controversial; it's real life. Another controversial aspect of the book would be the use of the word "nigger" and its being in the book over 200 times creates constant scrutiny. I feel the word was not used to be racist and its usage in the book gives great representation of the way life was during the pre-civil war era. People need to grasp the concept that that's how black were treated then. In today's society, we would find quotes such as, "Good gracious! Was anybody hurt?" "No'm. Just a nigger," APPALING! But in fact, it was written in an earlier time setting when quotes like that were okay to say.

Intertextual Relations Between Pride and Prejudice and Bridget Jones Diary Essay

Each text is not the effort of one person; theme and plot derived from existing texts are present in newer texts through repetition and similarity. Authors compile from pre-existing texts known as intertextuality, the use of prior texts in current texts. Julia Kristeva, a psychoanalyst is the first to introduce the term ‘intertextuality’. She redefines the theories established by Ferdinand de Saussure and Mikhail Bakhtin and suggests a text is not simply interpreted by its words, instead it is a study based on the works it has adapted (lecture). Kristeva mentions that although a writer usually talks to a specific audience, a text exists in time, and it is reprinted and translated with addressing the language of the current time period known as parole and langue. The novel Pride and Prejudice was first published in 1813, but another novel based on the same plot called Bridget Jones Diary, a modern version of Pride and Prejudice was published in 1996. Every text is the absorption and transformation of another, with similar themes and conditions considering the lifestyle in that time period, known as a mimetic orientation. Intertextuality, the relationship to other prior texts is present among Pride and Prejudice, Bridget Jones Diary, and A Dog’s Head through the overarching similarity of characters, value of class and synchronic language. The common element of character development is interacting between Pride and Prejudice, Bridget Jones Diary, and A Dog’s Head. During the 1800’s, the value of high culture and wealth was outstandingly important to the people of that decade. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is a plot consisting of high culture, and is strongly referenced in connection to Helen Fielding’s Bridget Jones Diary. Fielding’s borrows the plot from Austen and also has some of the same characters and events in her novel. The character of Elizabeth Bennett and Bridget Jones is similarly constructed with the hardships and love crisis they suffer from. First of all, both protagonists fall in love with a man whose last name is Darcy. Both Mr. Darcy are respected and wealthy men. Furthermore, both protagonists share similar feelings, for example, at the ball event Elizabeth is hurt to hear that Mr. Darcy thinks of her to be â€Å"‘tolerable but not handsome enough to tempt’† him (Austen 13). Similarly, Mr. Darcy in Pride and Prejudice hurts Bridget by saying she is ill mannered and does not know how to talk (45). At this time both the protagonists dislike both Mr. Darcy and have severe hatred for him. Secondly, Mr. Wickam in Pride and Prejudice is the same as Daniel Cleaver in Bridget Jones Diary. Both Mr. Wickam and Daniel Cleaver are despised by Mr. Darcy but admired by the heroine at first. Bridget’s mother is a bit like Mrs. Bennett, as they both insist their daughters get married to wealthy men. Bridget believes she is unattractive because she is fat. When things do not work out with Daniel Cleaver, she questions, â€Å"Why does nothing ever work out? It is because I am too fat† (Fielding 181). Bridget is unhappy about her appearance all the time, which is similar to the character of Edmond in A Dog’s Head. The novel A Dog’s Head introduces the unrealistic character of Edmond who is born with the head of a dog, a spaniel in particular. Ovid establishes the theory of metamorphosis emphasizing the transformation of a human to an animal feature in his poem â€Å"metamorphosis†. This theory is present in A Dog’s Head as Edmond is a human but has a dog’s head. Edmond is always troubled in life because people criticize him for having the head of a dog, and to add to that, â€Å"the head of the most ridiculous dog to be found† (2). He has a series of unsuccessful relationships, for which he blames his appearance to be the reason, somewhat like Bridget who also blames her weight for her breakup with Daniel. Although the author does not provide a description of Bridget, we know a bit about her through the writings in her diary. Bridget’s negative image of herself results in a lower self-esteem, as well as Edmond who also has a low self-esteem when he remembers he has the head of a spaniel. At one point, losing his virginity to a prostitute becomes hard because no one wants to sleep with an animal (125). His personal relations with his parents are negative from the day he is born. His parents are happier to be alone so his dad gives him money, â€Å"Edmond stuffed the notes into his pocket, kissed his papa and mama and went away, never to return† (47). This further notifies us that although there are minor matches from Edmond’s personality with Elizabeth and Bridget, there is a similarity between the characters through physical appearance and their lives. The theme of class relates to reputation, the value of money being an ever-long requirement in society. People have been classified into hierarchical sectors according to their financial circumstances. In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennett’s mother Mrs. Bennett is astonished at the fact that Mr. Bingley is a wealthy and handsome young man visiting their town. She immediately informs her husband and desires one of her daughters marry him. Mrs. Bennett is portrayed as a shallow and self-centered woman as she constantly persists her daughters marry the richest men. This is evident when Elizabeth announces her engagement to Mr. Darcy and Mrs. Bennett replies â€Å"Mr. Darcy! Who would have thought it†¦Oh! My sweetest Lizzy! How rich and great you will be! What pin-money, what jewels, what carriages you will have! † (Austen 357). Similarly, in Bridget Jones Diary, Bridget’s mother introduces her to a recently divorced, wealthy man. Bridget is certain on her mother’s motives and she claims, â€Å"I don’t know why she didn’t just come out with it and say ‘Darling, do shag Mark Darcy over the turkey curry, won’t you? He’s very rich. † (Fielding 12). Comparatively, Edmond from A Dog’s Head lives in a shallow society, where money can overpower anything, even a man with a dog’s head. Edmond invests some money in the stock market and realizes it is more valuable than anything. â€Å"Wealth brought Edmond great enjoyment. First, it canceled out his head. [†¦ ] Oh, the sublime effect of bank notes! Overnight that hideous or ridiculous object became just anybody’s head. † (85) He makes a lot of money and realizes that money has always been there and supported him more than anything else. A hierarchy of social classes has created the boundaries between families and people historically. The importance of class depicts a social value and worth in society. Lower class people are treated as inferiors while upper class people gain more respect and value. As evident in A Dog’s Head, Edmond is treated better when he has more money and class, and Mrs. Bennett and Mrs. Jones want their daughters to be married to rich men. The language and text of Pride and Prejudice is a lot different from Bridget Jones Diary and A Dog’s Head. In order to understand â€Å"one text as an intertextual representation of another† (Salber) the individual composition of values and attitudes needs to be understood in different contexts. With this said, Pride and Prejudice is a realist text composed in the nineteenth century. What is happening in the real world at the time the author writes the text is incorporated into the text, known as mimetic orientation. The author associates a mimetic version of the reality of everyday life set in the Regency period of England, a time when â€Å"power and marriage within one’s own class was essential† (Salber). The novel Pride and Prejudice also reveals â€Å"aspects of gender, class, identity and marriage as political institution† s a presentation of English history (Art). Language as it exists at any moment of time is referred to as the synchronic system of language (lecture 4). The power of language, synchronically applied suggests that the language in Pride and Prejudice slightly differs from the 20th century language used in Bridget Jones Diary. For example, the word ‘simpleton’ used in Austen’s novel indicates the life of a simple, unmarried girl, whereas in Fielding’s novel, the word ‘singleton’ is used to categorize the career oriented women in search for a perfect male companion. This supports Kristeva’s statement that â€Å"language is read as at least double†, and that the structures of language exist within a certain time period (Salber). As mentioned earlier, Bridget Jones Diary is a modification of Pride and Prejudice and is a more modern approach to the same story. The means of communication are different; for example, Daniel Cleaver and Bridget initiate romance through computer messaging, whereas in Pride and Prejudice communication took the form of letters. The langue, a language viewed as an abstract system used by speech community, is different for every person. In Pride and Prejudice the vocabulary Austen uses is archaic and demonstrates the time period in which it was written. For example, a conversation between Elizabeth and Mrs. Gardiner,â€Å"It was first broken by Mrs. Annesley, a genteel, agreeable looking woman† (Austen 226). The word ‘genteel’ may not be used in today’s novels and speech and represents its time period. Likewise, the words ‘singleton’, ‘smug marrieds† and ‘emotional fuckwittage’ became a part of the British popular culture when used in Bridget Jones Diary. The plot of Pride and Prejudice is the same as Bridget Jones Diary since Bridget Jones Diary is a modification of Pride and Prejudice and is a more modern approach to the same story. The female protagonists both worry about the relationships in their lives. The plot begins with the life of the female protagonists, and continues to their developing lives as the plot moves on. Both Pride and Prejudice and Bridget Jones Diary are the same story, where the first event, the ball in Pride and Prejudice is held with the attempt to find a suitor for Mr.  Bingley who is a young and wealthy man, and similarly a Christmas party is held by Bridget’s mother to introduce Bridget to Mr. Darcy. The events that occur further on in the texts lead to the same conclusion in both novels. The value of class and reputation is an overarching theme similarly applied in the three novels proving money has the value to make anyone happy. Lastly, the use of language and difference in word choice is what makes the novels acceptable in their time periods. These intertextual relations combine the three novels with many similarities.

Free Energy Definition in Science

The phrase free energy has multiple definitions in science: Thermodynamic Free Energy In physics and physical chemistry, free energy refers to the amount of internal energy of a thermodynamic system that is available to perform work. There are different forms of thermodynamic free energy: Gibbs free energy is the energy that may be converted into work in a system that is at constant temperature and pressure. The equation for Gibbs free energy is: G H – TS where G is Gibbs free energy, H is enthalpy, T is temperature, and S is entropy. Helmholtz free energy is energy that may be converted into work at constant temperature and volume. The equation for Helmholtz free energy is: A U – TS where A is the Helmholtz free energy, U is the internal energy of the system, T is the absolute temperature (Kelvin) and S is the entropy of the system. Landau free energy describes energy of an open system in which particles and energy may be exchanged with the surroundings. The equation for Landau free energy is: ÃŽ © A - ÃŽ ¼N U - TS - ÃŽ ¼N where N is the number of particles and  ÃŽ ¼ is  chemical potential. Variational Free Energy In information theory, variational free energy is a construct used in variational Bayesian methods. Such methods are used to approximate intractable integrals for statistics and machine learning. Other Definitions In environmental science and economics, the phrase free energy is sometimes used to refer to renewable resources or any energy that does not require monetary payment. Free energy may also refer to the energy that powers a hypothetical perpetual motion machine. Such a device violates the laws of thermodynamics, so this definition currently refers to a pseudoscience rather than hard science. Sources Baierlein, Ralph.Thermal Physics. Cambridge University Press, 2003, Cambridge, U.K.Mendoza, E.; Clapeyron, E.; Carnot, R., eds. Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire – and other Papers on the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Dover Publications, 1988, Mineola, N.Y.Stoner, Clinton. â€Å"Inquiries into the Nature of Free Energy and Entropy in Respect to Biochemical Thermodynamics.†Ã‚  Entropy, vol. 2, no. 3, Sept. 2000, pp. 106–141., doi:10.3390/e2030106.

Fallows viva bilingualism Free Essay Example, 1000 words

However, the author has opposing views and notes that English has been gaining dominance in the world. The author shows evidence of rising popularity through personal experience. He notes that as he travels to areas such as Malaysia and South China, he encounters so many people willing to learn English. He also notes that Asian countries such as Malaysia send students to United States, Australia, and England for studies in which they must first learn English language (Fallows, n.d. ). The other claim is that the standard of foreign language education has been falling in the country. The falling standard has made it possible for people to lack interest in other languages. Lack of interest has led to the negative perception of foreign languages. As the author notes, when one comes across people in the United States that speaks foreign languages, they are seen as being poor in English language (Fallows, n.d. ). The author uses various forms of evidence to support his argument. First, he cites statistics and research to show reasons why United States has challenges in embracing the bilingualism. We will write a custom essay sample on Fallow's viva bilingualism or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now For example, he notes â€Å"Ninety –nine percent of all Americans can happily live their lives speaking and thinking about no language but English† (Fallows, n.d, p.260). He also uses factual references to highlight how bilingual has been possible and successful in other countries. The author highlights a number of countries where bilingual has been instrumental in communication as well as interaction with the people. A classical example is Scandinavians and Swiss that communicates easily despite having grown in a mixture of languages. The other evidence is in Singapore. The government started a campaign of speaking Mandarin together with a number of southern Chinese dialects (Fallows, n.d. ). The result was increased competence in both Mandarin as well as increased mastery of English language. Hence, the author uses the evidence to show it is possible to be competent speaking two languages. The evidence helps in closing the gap that ha s existed n United States concerning bilingualism. The presentation of the essay makes it possible for one to get arguments and ideas. The author is sincere in what he writes in the essay. Sincerity is seen as he uses case countries to show how bilingual has been successful. Moreover, sincerity is seen as he notes how other parts of the world are working towards embracing English as a language. He notes how Japan has been accommodative to English language as compared to how Americans embrace Spanish.

Descriptive Essay Ever Changing Path - 1341 Words

Ever-changing Path I started out on this journey of deciding what I wanted to be within the last couple of years. I knew I wanted to work with kids and I also knew that I wanted to pursue a career in the psychological field. This class has made me take a closer look at what specific career I want to focus on. In my first journal, I had decided that I wanted to learn and be certified in ABA therapy techniques. I still want to work with this technique, but I have narrowed it down to a specific master’s program: School Psychology. I began to look into this field more after a conversation I had with Dr. Grellner. I did a search for this career on O*NET and found that many of the responsibilities of this job would allow me to use my†¦show more content†¦In order to have a well rounded application, I need a well rounded CV. Some of the biggest experiences that go into a CV are research assistantships and teaching assistantships. The first thing I want to take on is a teachi ng assistantship. According to Landrum and Davis (2014) chapter 7, a teaching assistantship helps build relationships with faculty members in a less time consuming way than a research assistantship. Since I work and go to school five days a week, I think that a teaching assistantship would suit my schedule better at this point in my life. I have already begun to talk to professors to see who I might be able to work with. Further into my undergraduate career I do want to get involved with research. In chapter 7 of The Psychology Major: Career Options and Strategies for Success, some of the benefits of a research assistantship are listed. Some of the benefits include the opportunity to work with faculty, be involved in real-life experience, and practice writing in APA and using statistical methods (Landrum Davis, 2014). Within the next year I plan to either talk directly to faculty members about getting involved in research or go to the research lab in the education building to find research opportunities. If possible, I would also like to maybe head my own research project. Work Experience Chapter 8 of Landrum and Davis (2014) talks about the benefitsShow MoreRelatedFinding Clarity In The Obscurity Of â€Å"Why Privacy Matters†.1283 Words   |  6 PagesFinding clarity in the obscurity of â€Å"Why Privacy Matters† In his essay â€Å"Why Privacy Matters† from The Wilson Quarterly, Jeffrey Rosen offers a compelling account of the harmful effects of eradicating our privacy. Rosen ventures into several different fields affected by the ever-growing intrusion of our privacy, offering a rich compendium of illustrations from the real world. 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These influences gave born to three recursive concepts embodied in Hemingway’s works:Read MoreThe Journey: Symbolism of â€Å"a Worn Path† and â€Å"the Road Not Taken† Final2218 Words   |  9 PagesThe Journey: Symbolism of â€Å"A Worn Path† and â€Å"The Road Not Taken† Expedition. Voyage. Excursion. Pilgrimage. There are many words that are used to describe the word journey but what does it really mean? Many people consider the word journey as merely a distance in which they have traveled or will eventually travel; often they fail to recognize that there can be great meaning beyond each step that is taken. Too often, people become more focused on the destination rather than the processRead More An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Characterization of Beowulf1918 Words   |  8 PagesCharacterization of Beowulf  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         The dialogue, action and motivation revolve about the characters in the poem (Abrams 32-33). It is the purpose of this essay to demonstrate the types of characters present in the anonymously written Anglo-Saxon poem, Beowulf - whether static or dynamic, whether flat or round, and whether protrayed through showing or telling.    At the very outset of the poem the reader is introduced, through â€Å"telling† by the scop, to Scyld Scefing, forefatherRead MoreAnalysing the Tallabugdera Creek Area Essays2010 Words   |  9 PagesTallebudgera Creek including Burleigh heads national park and on the opposite side, the Tallebudgera Recreation Camp all the way down to the Tallebudgera Creek Conservation Park. Because of this, this is the area is what will be analysed for this essay. In order to fully understand the centre I will look at it through the theory presented in Responsive Environments by Sue McGlynn, Graham Smith, Alan Alcock, Paul Murrain and Ian Bentley. I will briefly explore what the theory entails and thenRead MoreHow Do We Know Something?2341 Words   |  10 Pagesthrough, argued, or rationalized. With constructed a person knows something because they created it and it may be subjective instead of objective and it may be based on practice or awareness. There will be five authors that will be referenced in this essay, they are Hume, Kant, and Locke. Empiricism, A-priorism, and Skepticism will be discussed. Empiricism: A mind that is blank has no room to process sensations. A blank mind is no mind at all. The process of empiricism can’t even begin. The sensesRead MoreReviewer in English Iv Nat5930 Words   |  24 PagesDescribe/Illustrate:  Author wanted to paint a picture of an idea Clue Words:  Look for words that provide descriptive detail. Adjectives like red, lusty, morose, striped, sparkling, and crestfallen are all illustrative. * Explain:  Author wanted to break down an idea into simpler terms Clue Words:  Look for words that turn a complicated process into simple language. A descriptive text will use more adjectives. An explanatory text will usually be used with a complicated idea. *Read MoreModern Drama And Modern Criticism2836 Words   |  12 Pagesof the nineteenth century, the most popular dramatic form of its age, a form that depended more on graphic exhilaration and the thrill of the moment – qualities almost beyond critical recall – than anything ever written for the stage. Now it is all gone, and I will hopefully through this essay bring some of this back to life. Yet because of its energy and vividness, something of its nature can be imparted. Melodrama had never been rated highly by dramatic critics or historians, whose most contemptuous

Did Life Improve For Black Americans Free Essays

The NAACP formed in 1909 by William Du Bois, they were active against racial injustice between sass and sass. They had various campaigns one mainly being the main opponent of the UK Klux Klan in 1 sass. They had also stopped various opposition in which they had felt it was a correct decision, an example is blocking a nomination of judge, John Parker, a known racist. We will write a custom essay sample on Did Life Improve For Black Americans or any similar topic only for you Order Now They had also pressured the Supreme Courts which ensured black Americans have the same quality of education as white Americans. The Second World War in 941 had many positive and negative changes. The Jim Crow Law which segregated the units in the IIS army there was a black only unit in which they weren’t allowed to combat in before 1944 but were offered jobs to support the army such as transport supplies. Although discrimination occurred, US air forces didn’t allow black pilots but the Tuskegee allowed them to have black pilots at the end of the war consisting of 1000 black pilots. Education was difficult for black Americans in the 1 sass and 1 9605 because of the struggle f equal education in which in 1952, 20 US states had segregated public schools. Linda Brown had to walk 20 blocks to her school which consisted of black Americans even though there was a school for white pupils near her home. In September 1 957, 9 African-Americans students entered a white only Central High School in Little Rock this made President Eisenhower respond by sending 1000 federal troops which brought the media involved and increased the publicity to the injustices of segregation. Resilience in 195(Yes were increasing, Malcolm X whose father was murdered by white Supremes had joined the Nation of Islam and changed his surname to ‘X’. Although he rejected Martin Luther Kings speech and ideology he believed violence was the only way to secure a black nation. Many young black Americans were frustrated in Kings slow response and with the Malcolm confidence in speaking; he attracted them to support him. As a result, he encouraged the self-esteem of black Americans and his ideology was supported by Black Panthers and Power. How to cite Did Life Improve For Black Americans, Essays

Communication and Interpersonal Competencies †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Communication and Interpersonal Competencies. Answer: Introduction: Possessing and applying effective communication skills is essential for professional success and development. The way professionals use the three essential communication skills of listening, feedback and questioning define their competency. Currently, employers are concerned about the ability of their workers to communicate effectively. These demands by current employers are justified by the spread of globalization effects. The present globalized business environment requires individuals who can listen, query and provide sufficient feedback on the issues at hand. Particularly, effective communication skills are mandatory for occupational health and safety officers. Occupation health and safety officers require effective listening, questioning, and feedback competencies to monitor and control workplace risks and hazards. Communication is central to human life. People utilize communication to convey their interests and obtain the views of others. According to Littlejohn, Foss, and Oetzel (2017), communication is the verbal and nonverbal interchange of ideas or thoughts. From this definition, it is apparent that communication is not simply a process of conveying information. Instead, it entails the interchange of ideologies and opinion from individuals. Precisely, communication is a two-way process which involves sending information and receiving feedback. Listening is the capability to correctly receive and construe messages during communication process(McCarthy, 2017). As Littlejohn, Foss, and Oetzel (2016) elaborate, the ability to listen effectively eliminates the chances misunderstanding the conveyed message. Poor listening abilities result in communication breakdown and loss of potential clients in business. Listening affects the other communication skills such as questioning and feedback since one cannot question or provide feedback to information they have not comprehended. Moreover, listening does not signify keeping quiet when another person is talking. Instead, it entails understanding and showing interest in the information being provided by the speaker. According to Battel (2006), research confirms that 75% of oral communication is ignored, misunderstood or forgotten due to poor listening skills. In this respect, listening requires discipline and commitment. Feedback is the reaction of the receiver after interpreting the message. As earlier indicated, communication is a two-way process. In this view, it entails sending messages and receiving feedback. Without feedback, the communication process is considered incomplete. Moreover, Wooten and Ulrich (2017) point out that the quality of feedback defines the level of success of a communication process. The ability to provide timely and accurate feedback indicates that both the sender and receiver of the message possess effective communication skills. Feedback is important in maintaining communication and improving performance. Without feedback, it can be assumed that the message was never received. Apart from listening and feedback, questioning is another vital element of interpersonal communication. According to Butterfield (2012), asking questions assists in clarifying information, improving communication, and resolving problems. The aim of asking questions is to gain insight on a specific component of a received message. However, it is vital to ask objective and relevant questions. According to Hargie (2006), the relevance and objectivity of questioning are influenced by listening abilities of individuals. Individuals with poor listening skills ask irrelevant questions which can irritate the respondents. As a result, Butterfiels (2013) advises that it is important to apply effective questioning during the communication process. Effective questioning implies knowing which questions to ask, when to ask them, and how to phrase them(Butterfield, 2012). This position illustrates the connection the exist between listening, feedback, and questioning skills in interpersonal communic ation. These skills are utilized as a package and deficiency of one can result in communication breakdown As an occupational health and safety officer, one needs to illustrate excellent comprehension and application of listening, questioning and feedback skills. The profession entails sourcing for health information within an organization set-up and conveying it to relevant officials. In this respect, effective communication is vital for one to succeed as an occupational health and safety officer. According to Leito and Greiner (2017), the objective of occupational health and safety officers is to prevent or minimize accidents, injuries, and illness in the workplace. They attain this objective by assisting in creating and implementing health and safety policies. Furthermore, occupation health and safety officers ensure that the management of organizations effects these policies. To achieve these responsibilities, occupational health and safety officer must interact and communicate effectively with the different stakeholders within and outside their organizations. Collecting information on workplace risks and hazards require an occupational health and officer to utilize active listening skills. The officer collects this information from different individuals within the workplace. In this respect, the officer must carefully listen to submissions from the managers and other workers on workplace health and safety measures in place. Active listening assists the health officer to identify inconsistencies present in the firms policies. According to Battell (2006), active listening is instrumental in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the key issues of a communication process. By applying active listening skills, the officer gives full attention to what the organizations stakeholders say and relate it to the legal environment. Furthermore, the health officers utilize active listening to gauge if the management understands how to implement the existing organizational health and safety legislation. Importantly, effective listening skills also all ow occupational health officers to gather information on different types of organizational health policies and ways of implementing them. Providing timely and appropriate feedback is essential in guiding organizations to develop and implement suitable health and safety policies. According to Winter and Moffitt (2017), occupational health officers are tasked with advising firms on ways of improving their employees safety. In this respect, Winter and Moffitt (2017) point out that a competent occupational health officer provides timely and accurate feedback on the workplaces safety and health conditions. The feedback from these health specialists forms the foundation on which organizations base their health and safety policies. Consequently, occupational health specialists utilize feedback to direct and guide organizational stakeholders on the appropriate health and safety measures. Besides, they utilize feedback to criticize flaws on existing health and safety policies in organizations. In occupational health profession, feedback skills are indispensable since they are vital for advising the management on the proper work place safety and health policies. For occupational health officers to advise organizations appropriately, they must understand how the firms operate. An organizations safety policies are shaped by its culture, operations, and financial abilities. In this respect, occupational health officers utilize questioning skills to explore the reasons why an organizations health and safety policies are structured in a particular manner. Additionally, occupational health officers are required to have a comprehensive understanding of the various factors that affect human performance. In achieving this role, the officers apply their questioning competencies to source information from the stakeholders in the employment sector. The utilization of questioning skills during communication enables occupational health officers to obtain sufficient organizational evidence to inform their health and safety recommendations. However, as advised by Battell (2006) and Butterfield (2012), the officers are supposed to use active and effective listening skills to understand their clients deliberations before asking questions. Additionally, the application of questioning skills lowers the risk of an occupational health officer providing unsatisfactory or inappropriate guidance to their customers. Asking questions allows an individual to collect sufficient evidence to inform their decisions. In this respect, it is vital to use figures and facts to direct organization health and safety policies. However, it is impossible to obtain these facts if the occupation health officers fail to utilize the appropriate questioning skills. Conclusively, occupational health and safety officer are required to illustrate exceptional listening, questioning and feedback skills. They are required to listen to the suggestions of their clients, make relevant inquiries and provide timely feedback. Since workplace health and safety is central to organizational success, occupational health officers must advise the firms management properly. However, this goal cannot be attained without demonstrating and utilizing competencies that eliminate communication breakdown. References Battell, C. (2006). Effective Listening. Alexandria: American Society for Training and Development. Butterfield, J. (2012). Verbal Communication: Illustrated Course Guides. Boston: Cengage Learning. Hargie, O. (2006). The Handbook of Communication Skills. London: Routledge. Leito, S., Greiner, B. A. (2017). Psychosocial, Health Promotion and Safety Culture managementAre Health and Safety Practitioners involved? Safety science, 91, 84-92. Littlejohn, S. W., Foss, K. A., Oetzel, J. G. (2016). Theories of Human Communication (Eleventh ed.). Long Grove: Waveland Press. McCarthy, B. (2017). Communication and Interpersonal Competencies for Undergraduate Nursing Students. Millenium-Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health, 2(3), 25-28. Winter, B., Moffitt, M. (2017). Corporate law: Absence of adequate risk assessments result in $1 million fine. Governance Directions, 69(3), 174-176. Wooten, J. O. (2017). "Idea generation and the role of feedback: Evidence from field experiments with innovation tournaments. Production and Operations Management, 26(1), 80-99.

Evidence that God exists

Introduction The controversial theme of the existence of God has been a prevailing subject throughout the history of philosophy. Pre-Socratic philosophers tried to directly and sometimes indirectly prove and explain the existence of God. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Evidence that God exists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The problem of determining the existence of God has not merely been a challenge to aristocrats, philosophers and scientists. It has also been the oldest challenge of theology. There has to be an existing supernatural being that has been a controlling force behind the series of events in the universe as this paper shall analyze using standard cosmological arguments on the existence of God. Hence, based on the position the paper has taken, it can only be logical to assert that everything that exists has a cause and nothing brought itself into existence. The concept of the existence of God Cr aig (2006) indicates that one of the major issues that societies have been grappling with for many centuries is the puzzle surrounding the existence of God. Multiple layers of questions seeking meaning and answers have expressed the magnitude of concern that theologists, philosophers and scientists have had at variety of levels. Some of the key questions which they have sought answers to include why things exist the way they do, where they come from and whether their existence have any context or meaning to overall reality. These questions have even taken a broader level to questions on reality such as the actual cause of the series of events being experienced and observed today. It is imperative to mention that cosmological arguments bear one key idea that everything in the universe did not just appear out of nothing, rather they came from a certain source. As such it is clear from the perspective given by this approach that nothing sprung from nothing, thus fairly justifying the existence of God. As a matter of fact, this argument maintains that God must have been instrumental towards the origin of the universe. Cosmological arguments Cosmological arguments on the existence of God is one among many strongly stated cases that seeks to provide evidence on the reality of God. The argument claims that the reality of events in the world as well as the very existence of the universe strongly points to and offers sufficient explanation that everything was created by God. Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even so, certain philosophers have sharply countered the argument by citing inconsistencies and falsehoods by indicating that since everything exist because of a reason, then the very existence of God must have been caused by another entity. Traditional form of cosmological argument The argument presented by the cosmological perspective on the existence of G od is based on the premise of an uncaused cause which explains the existence of a supreme and unconditioned being. According to Craig (2006), this argument has been known to be a causal argument based on contingency and three variants namely infieri, in esse and in causa. As noted earlier in the discussion, Ancient Greek Platos, Aristotle as well as theologians and philosophers have in the past years used the premise of first cause found in the cosmological case to prove that God is the beginning of the existence of everything. The arguments Cosmological arguments like all other arguments have their diverse forms some of which include the first cause argument and the modal contingency argument. Contingency argument It is possible to derive from the argument posed by Aquinas the notion that the universe must have had no beginning based on universal causation. In nature, Aquinas demonstrates that certain things could have had contingent existence. This means that it was possible for the universe not to exist and as such did not exist before. In fact, the argument can be best explained by indicating that there was a time when nothing existed. Hence, it is possible that there was nothing that could have brought something into existence. The sophisticated nature of the position given by Aquinas on contingency presents a problem which proves that contingent being cannot express or even provide reasons for the very presence of contingent beings. Gottfried Leibniz posited that there can never be a true proposition or existence that is without a sufficient cause. This provides succinct evidence that supports the cosmological argument on the existence of God. While contingent things many or may not exist, necessary things must exist first for others to live and become reality. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Evidence that God exists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The current universe has also been expounded using the big bang theory which asserts that there must have been latent forces that led to the emergence of the universe. Using cosmological arguments, it was necessary for God to exist since every other creature was contingent and depended on a supernatural being to exist. In my view, without the necessary existence of God, nothing else could have existed. Plato’s cosmological argument The book Laws published by Plato (428 BC-347 BCE) introduces a new aspect of cosmological argument by examining motions in the universe. One very strong point that Plato brings out to explain the evidence of God is that everything that exists (matter) requires the presence of a superior being to get into motion. The cosmic level interpretation of his argument points out to a universe that exist, but which requires certain power. In other words, the movement of the universe explains the existence of a cause. Since motion is time-based, there has to be a cause. All series of ev ents have a cause and can therefore not be infinite. In agreement with Aristotle and Plato, the motions of the universe must have had an eternal causer which points to God. In addition, there are various natural forces of nature that tend to dictate the natural occurrence of events which can all be attributed to the presence of a supernatural being called God. Moral realism it is worth considering the importance of moral realism when discussing the existence of God. The presence of morality provides evidence of the reality of God. This is so true in the essence that the basis for ethics is founded on the existence of God without which human being would have been wallowing in the sea of moral relativism. Much of the support and moral realism by Christians is attributed to the fact that they believe in God. Hence, cosmological arguments are worth considering at this point of discussion since the existence of God has been brought out well. Arguments against While it may be true that th e very existence of God is self-explanatory, there can be no event without a cause, one would be left in the dark on the self explanatory nature of the existence of God. The uncaused state of the universe as scientists explain differ in bits with the cosmological arguments as the latter does not distinguish between contingency and necessary things in terms of time. Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since cosmological argument by Kalam points out that the uncaused God is eternal, it is clear to point inconsistencies that cosmological argument brings out when indicating that the universe has a beginning that was caused by God. Using the first premise of cosmological arguments, it is imperative to highlight the gap it creates when citing that every existing thing must have a cause of existence. This raises the question on who was the cause of the first cause. Why is the first cause exempted from having a cause? As such, the first premise fails and is unsound when it suggests that God exists and his existence is uncaused. This offers a strong ground for rejecting cosmological argument as ramshackle. The above issue brings another problem of giving the true identity of the first cause. While some would think of it as a theistic God, some would regard it as an unarticulated first cause or even Big Bang. Arguments from Deism also indicate that even if there was a first cause, then it has no link with the continuing events that characterize the universe. Conclusions To sum up, the existence of a first cause to a series of events in the universe including the universe itself cannot be disputed. There has to be a supernatural being which can manage and control time and motions. As noted above, there have been counter arguments and rejections pointing towards weak areas that the cosmological arguments fail to explain. Reference Craig, W. L.   (2006). J. Howard Sobel on the Kalam cosmological argument.  Canadian Journal of Philosophy  36(4),  565-633. This essay on Evidence that God exists was written and submitted by user Alpha Flight to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.